Promulgation Authority: Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress
Promulgating Date: June 29, 2007
Source: The Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1: This Law has been formulated to improve and perfect the labor contract system, to make explicit the rights and obligations of both parties of the labor contract, to protect the lawful rights and interests of laborers, and to build and develop harmonious and stable labor relationships.
Article 2: This Law is applicable to enterprises, individual economic entities, and private non-enterprise organizations (“Employers”) that establish labor relationships and conclude, perform, modify, or terminate labor contracts with laborers in the People’s Republic of China. This law is also applicable to state authorities, public institutions, and social organizations that establish labor relationships and conclude, perform, modify, and terminate labor contracts with laborers.
Article 3: When an Employer and a laborer conclude a labor contract, they shall abide by the principles of legitimacy, fairness, equality, voluntariness, unanimity through consultation, and good faith. A labor contract that is lawfully concluded shall instantly become legally binding, and both the Employer and the laborer shall perform their respective obligations thereunder.
Article 4: Employers shall establish and improve labor rules and regulations, so as to ensure that labor rights are safeguarded and that laborers perform according to their labor obligations. When an Employer formulates, revises, or decides on rules and regulations or material matters that have a direct effect on the immediate interests of its laborers concerning labor remuneration, working hours, rest and vacations, occupational safety and health, insurance and welfare, employee training, working discipline or labor quota management, or other labor interests, the same shall be discussed by either the Workers Congress or all the laborers. After discussion, this body shall put forward a proposal and comments, whereupon the matter shall be determined through negotiations with the labor union or employee representatives. These negotiations shall be conducted on a basis of equality. If during the implementation of an Employer’s rule or regulation, the labor union or a laborer is of the opinion that said rule or regulation is inappropriate, they are entitled to communicate such opinion to the Employer, and the rule or regulation shall be improved by making modifications after consultations. Rules and regulations of an Employer that have a direct effect on the immediate interests of the laborers shall be announced within its organization or distributed to the laborers.
Article 5: The Labor Administration Department of people’s governments at the county level and higher, together with the labor union at the same level and enterprise representatives, shall establish a comprehensive tri-partite mechanism for the coordination of labor relationships, in order to jointly study and resolve major issues concerning labor relationships.
Article 6: Labor unions shall, in accordance with the law, assist and guide laborers in the conclusion and performance of labor contracts with their Employers, and shall safeguard the legal rights and interests of laborers.
Chapter II Conclusion of Labor Contract
Article 7: The labor relationship between the Employer and the laborer is established on the date when the laborer is recruited and/or works for the Employer. The Employer shall establish a recruitment register of employees for future reference and review.
Article 8: When an Employer concludes a labor contract with a laborer, it shall truthfully inform him of the content of the work, the working conditions, the worksite, occupational hazards, production safety conditions, labor remuneration, and any other matters the laborer wishes to know. The Employer has the right to know basic information about the laborer which directly relates to the labor contract, and the laborer shall truthfully provide that information.
Article 9: When hiring a laborer, an Employer may not require him to provide any guarantee or collect property from the laborer as collateral, nor may it retain the laborer’s resident identification card or other papers.
Article 10: To establish a labor relationship, a written labor contract shall be signed. In the event that a labor relationship has been established but the Employer and the laborer have not concluded a written labor contract, a written labor contract shall be concluded within one month from the date the labor relationship was established. In the event that a labor contract is reached before the laborer starts working, the labor relationship is established on the date the laborer starts working.
Article 11: In the event that an Employer fails to conclude a written labor contract with a laborer when carrying out the employment formalities, and it is not clear what labor remuneration has been agreed upon with the laborer, the labor remuneration of the newly recruited laborer shall be decided according to the standard specified in the collective contract. Where there is no collective contract or the collective contract does not specify, the Employer shall give the laborer equal pay for equal work.
Article 12: Labor contracts are divided into three types: fixed-term labor contracts, non-fixed term labor contracts, and project-based labor contracts where the term is based on the completion of a specific amount of work.
Article 13: A “fixed-term labor contract” is a labor contract whose termination date is agreed upon by the Employer and the laborer. An Employer and a laborer may conclude a fixed-term labor contract upon reaching a negotiated consensus.
Article 14: A “non-fixed term labor contract” is a labor contract for which the Employer and the laborer have agreed not to stipulate a termination date. An Employer and a laborer may conclude a non-fixed term labor contract upon reaching a negotiated consensus. Except when a laborer proposes to sign a fixed-term labor contract, If a laborer proposes or agrees to renew his labor contract under any of the following circumstances, a non-fixed term labor contract shall be concluded:
(1) the laborer has been working for the Employer for a consecutive period of no less than 10 years;
(2) the Employer introduces the labor contract system or the state-owned enterprise that employs the laborer re-concludes its labor contracts as a result of restructuring, and the laborer has been working for the Employer for a consecutive period of no less than 10 years and is less than 10 years away from his statutory retirement age; or
(3) the renewal occurs after the consecutive conclusion of two fixed-term labor contracts, and the laborer does not fall under any of the circumstances specified in Article 39 or Item 1 and Item 2 of Article 40 of this Law.
If the Employer fails to sign a written labor contract with the laborer within one year of the establishment of the labor relationship, it will be determined that the Employer has signed a non-fixed term contract with the laborer.
Article 15: A project-based labor contract is a labor contract in which the Employer and the laborer have agreed the term of the labor contract is based on the completion of a specific amount of work. After consultation and agreement, the Employer may reach a project-based contract.
Article 16: A labor contract shall become effective when the Employer and the laborer have reached a negotiated consensus thereon and each party has signed or sealed the text of the contract. The Employer and the laborer shall each hold one copy of the labor contract.
Article 17: A labor contract shall specify the following clauses:
(1) the name, residence, and legal representative or senior leadership in charge of the Employer;
(2) the name, residence, and resident identification card number or other valid identification documents of the laborer;
(3) the term of the labor contract;
(4) the job description and the work site;
(5) working hours, rest, and vacation;
(6) labor remuneration;
(7) social insurance;
(8) labor protection, working conditions and occupational hazard prevention; and
(9) other matters which laws and regulations require to be included in labor contracts.
In addition to the requisite clauses mentioned above, an Employer and a laborer may agree to stipulate to other terms in the labor contract, such as a probation period, training, confidentiality of trade secrets, supplementary insurance, and benefits, or other matters.
Article 18: If a dispute arises due to the fact that the rate or standards for labor remuneration, working conditions, or other matters are not explicitly specified in the labor contract, the Employer and the laborer may renegotiate. If the negotiations are unsuccessful, the provisions of the collective contract shall be applied. If there is no collective contract or the collective contract is silent on the labor remuneration rate, the Employer should offer the laborer equal pay for equal work; if there is no collective contract or the collective contract is silent on the working condition standards, the relevant regulations of the state shall be applied.
Article 19: If a labor contract has a term of less than one year but more than 3 months, the probation period may not exceed one month; if a labor contract has a term of more than one year and less than three years, the probation period may not exceed two months; and if a labor contract has a term of no less than three years or is non-fixed, the probation period may not exceed six months. An Employer may stipulate only one probation period with any given laborer. A probation period shall not be stipulated in a project-based labor contract or a labor contract with a term of fewer than three months. The probation period is part of the term of the labor contract. If a labor contract provides for a probation period only or the term of the probation period is the same as that of the labor contract, such probation period shall be invalid and the term concerned shall be the term of the labor contract.
Article 20: During the probation period, the wages of a laborer may not be less than the lowest wage paid for the equivalent job post within the Employer or less than 80 percent of the wage agreed upon in the labor contract, nor may it be lower than the minimum wage standard of the Employer site.
Article 21 During the probation period, the Employer may not terminate a labor contract unless there is evidence proving that the laborer meets any of the conditions specified in Article 39 or Item 1 or Item 2 of Article 40 of this Law. If the Employer terminates a labor contract during the probation period, it shall explain the reasons to the laborer.
Article 22: If the Employer pays for specific vocational training expenses and provides the laborer with professional vocational training, it may sign an agreement with the laborer agreeing upon a term of service. If the laborer breaches the agreement on the term of service, he shall pay damages to the Employer as agreed. The amount of the damages stipulated for breach of the agreement on the term of service may not exceed the training expenses paid by the Employer. In the event of a breach, the damages paid by the laborer may not exceed the portion of the training expenses allocable to the unperformed portion of the term of service. The Employer’s gradual increase of the remuneration rate of the laborer during the term of service according to a normal wage adjustment mechanism shall not be influenced by an agreement on the term of service.
Article 23: An Employer and a laborer may include provisions concerning the safeguarding of trade secrets and intellectual property of the Employer in the labor contract. If a laborer has an obligation to maintain the confidentiality of his Employer’s trade secrets, the Employer may agree with the laborer on the inclusion of non-competition provisions in the labor contract or a separate confidentiality agreement, and stipulate that the Employer shall pay economic compensation to the laborer on a monthly basis during the term of non-competition after the termination of the labor contract. If the laborer breaches the non-competition provisions, he shall pay damages to the Employer as stipulated.
Article 24: The personnel subject to non-competition provisions shall be limited to the Employer’s senior management, senior technicians, and other personnel who have knowledge of trade secrets of the Employer. The scope, territory, and term of the non-competition provisions shall be agreed upon by the Employer and the laborer, and such agreement shall not violate laws and regulations. The term, beginning from the termination of the labor contract, for which a person shall be subject to non-competition provisions in terms of his working for a competing Employer that either produces the same type of products or is engaged in the same type of business as his current Employer, or in terms of his establishing his own business to produce products or engage in business competing with his current Employer’s products or business, shall not exceed two years.
Article 25: With the exception of the circumstances specified in Articles 22 and 23 hereof, an Employer may not stipulate with laborer damage which the laborer is required to bear.
Article 26: A labor contract shall be invalid or partially invalid where:
(1) one party uses means such as fraud, coercion, or taking advantage of the other party’s unfavorable position to sign or modify the labor contract against his or her genuine will;
(2) the Employer disclaims its mandatory liability and denies the laborer`s rights; or
(3) the labor contract violates laws or administrative regulations.
The invalidity or partial invalidity of a labor contract shall be confirmed by a Labor Dispute Arbitration institution or the People’s Court.
Article 27: If certain provisions of a labor contract are invalid and such invalidity does not affect the validity of the remaining provisions, the remaining provisions shall remain valid.
Article 28: If a labor contract is confirmed as invalid and the laborer has already performed labor, the Employer shall pay the laborer labor remuneration. The amount of labor remuneration shall be determined with reference to the labor remuneration of laborers in the same or similar position with the Employer.
Chapter III Performance and Modification of Labor Contracts
Article 29: The Employer and the laborer shall each fully perform their obligations in accordance with the labor contract.
Article 30: Employers shall pay labor remuneration on time and in full in accordance with state regulations and the labor contract. If an Employer is in arrears or fails to make full payment for the labor remuneration of a laborer, the laborer may apply to the local People’s Court for an order to pay. The People’s Court ought to issue an order to pay under the law.
Article 31: Employers shall strictly implement the work quota standards and may not force laborers to work a disguised form of overtime. If an Employer arranges for a laborer to work overtime, it shall pay him overtime pay in accordance with the relevant state regulations.
Article 32: It is not regarded as a breach of the labor contract if the laborer refuses to perform dangerous operations which violate regulations as directed or ordered by the management staff of the Employer. Laborers have the right to criticize, report to the authorities, or lodge accusations concerning working conditions that endanger their lives or health.
Article 33: A change in the name, legal representative, the main person in charge, investors, or registered or recorded particulars of an Employer shall not affect the performance of its labor contracts.
Article 34: If an Employer is merged, divided, or otherwise restructured, its existing labor contracts shall remain valid and continue to be performed by the Employer(s) that assume its rights and obligations.
Article 35: An Employer and a laborer may modify the provisions of their labor contract if they so agree after consultations. When a labor contract is modified, the amended provisions shall be recorded in written form. The Employer and the laborer shall each hold one copy of the modified contract.
Chapter IV Termination of Labor Contracts
Article 36: An Employer and a laborer may terminate their labor contract if they unanimously agree after consultations.
Article 37: A laborer may terminate his labor contract by giving 30 days’ notice in writing to his Employer. During his probation period, a laborer may terminate his labor contract by informing his Employer 3 days in advance.
Article 38: A laborer may terminate his labor contract at any time where:
(1) the Employer fails to provide labor protections and working conditions in accordance with the labor contract;
(2) the Employer fails to pay labor remuneration in full and on time;
(3) the Employer fails to pay the social insurance premiums for the laborer in accordance with the law;
(4) the rules and regulations of the Employer violate laws or regulations, thereby harming the laborer’s rights and interests;
(5) any of the conditions specified in Item 1 of Article 26 are met; or
(6) other circumstances as specified in laws or administrative statutes enable the laborer to terminate the labor contract.
If an Employer uses violence, intimidation, or unlawful restriction of personal freedom to compel a laborer to work, or if a laborer is instructed in violation of rules and regulations or peremptorily ordered by his Employer to perform dangerous operations which will endanger his personal safety, the laborer may terminate his labor contract forthwith without giving prior notice to the Employer.
Article 39: An Employer may terminate a labor contract where the laborer:
(1) is proved during the probation period not to satisfy the requirements of employment;
(2) materially breaches the Employer’s rules and regulations;
(3) commits serious dereliction of duty or practices graft or corruption, causing substantial damage to the Employer’s interests;
(4) has established a labor relationship with another Employer which materially affects the completion of his tasks or refuses to rectify the matter when it is brought to his attention by the Employer;
(5) causes the labor contract to be invalid due to reasons specified in Article 26, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of this Law; or
(6) is convicted for criminal liability in accordance with the law.
Article 40: An Employer may terminate a labor contract by giving the laborer 30 days prior written notice, or one month’s wage in lieu of notice, where:
(1) after the regulated period of medical leave for an illness or non-work related injury expires, the laborer is incapable of performing his original work or is incapable of performing a new job as arranged by the Employer;
(2) the laborer is proved incompetent and remains incompetent after training or adjustment of his position; or
(3) a major change in the objective circumstances relied upon at the time of conclusion of the labor contract hinders continued fulfillment of the original contract and, after consultations, the Employer and laborer are unable to reach an agreement on amending the labor contract.
Article 41: Where any of the following circumstances obstruct implementation of the labor contract and make it necessary to reduce the workforce by 20 persons or more, or by a number of persons that is less than 20 but accounts for 10 percent or more of the total number of the enterprise’s employees, the Employer shall explain the circumstances to its labor union or to all of its employees 30 days in advance, and may reduce its workforce after considering the opinions of the labor union or the employees and subsequently reporting the workforce reduction plan to the labor administration department:
(1) restructuring according to the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law;
(2) serious difficulties in production and/or business operations;
(3) staff reduction is still necessary after modification of contract due to changes in the enterprise’s production, technological innovation, or adjustment of management operation style; or
(4) other major changes in the objective economic circumstances relied upon at the time of conclusion of the labor contracts, rendering them non-performable.
When reducing the workforce, the Employer shall retain employment relations with priority laborers:
(1) who have concluded relatively long-term fixed-term labor contracts with the Employer;
(2) who have concluded non-fixed term labor contracts; or
(3) who are the sole wage earner in their families and/or who have a dependant elderly person or minor for whom they are responsible.
If the Employer resumes hiring within six months, it shall give notice to the reduced employees and give preference to the persons dismissed at the time of the reduction on an equal footing.
Article 42: An Employer may not terminate a labor contract according to Article 40 or Article 41 hereof if the laborer:
(1) is engaged in operations exposing him to occupational hazards and has not undergone a pre-departure occupational health check-up, or is suspected of having contracted an occupational disease and is being diagnosed or under medical observation;
(2) has been confirmed as having lost or partially lost his capacity to work due to an occupational disease or a work-related injury;
(3) has contracted an illness or sustained a non-work related injury, and the mandatory medical treatment period has not expired;
(4) is a female employee in her pregnancy, delivery, postpartum, or lactation period;
(5) has been working for the Employer continuously for no less than 15 years and is less than 5 years away from his mandatory retirement age; or
(6) finds himself in other circumstances stipulated in laws or administrative regulations.
Article 43: When an Employer decides to terminate a labor contract unilaterally, it shall give the labor union notice of the reasons in advance. If the Employer violates laws, administrative regulations or the labor contract, the labor union has the right to demand that the Employer rectify the matter. The Employer shall study the labor union’s opinions and notify the labor union in writing as to the outcome of its handling of the matter.
Article 44: A labor contract shall terminate if:
(1) its term expires;
(2) the laborer has started receiving basic old age insurance pension in accordance with the law;
(3) the laborer dies, or is declared dead or missing by a People’s Court;
(4) the Employer is declared bankrupt according to law;
(5) the Employer has its business license revoked, is ordered to close down or decides to terminate ahead of schedule; or
(6) other circumstances specified in laws or administrative laws and regulations arise.
Article 45: If a labor contract expires but any of the circumstances specified in Article 42 apply, the term of the labor contract shall be extended in accordance with the law until the relevant circumstance ceases, at which point the contract shall terminate. But the termination of the labor contract of a laborer who has been confirmed as having partially lost his capacity to work under Item 2 of Article 42 shall be subject to the relevant regulations on work-related injury insurance.
Article 46: In any of the following circumstances, the Employer shall pay economic compensation at the rate prescribed by the State Council:
(1) the labor contract is terminated by the laborer according to Article 38 hereof;
(2) the labor contract is terminated after such termination was proposed according to Article 36 to the laborer by the Employer and the parties reached a consensus thereon
(3) the labor contract is terminated by the Employer according to Article 40 hereof;
(4) the labor contract is terminated by the Employer according to Paragraph 1 of Article 41 hereof;
(5) a fixed-term labor contract is terminated according to Item 1 of Article 44 hereof, except where the laborer does not agree to renew the contract even if the Employer proposes to renew the labor contract while maintaining or improving the conditions stipulated in the current contract;
(6) the labor contract terminates according to Item 4 or 5 of Article 44hereof; or
(7) other circumstances arise according to laws and administrative regulations.
Article 47: The economic compensation calculation rate is based on the number of years the laborer worked for the Employer. Economic compensation equivalent to one month’s wages should be paid to the laborer for every year he has worked for the Employer. The economic compensation for a laborer who worked less than one year but more than six months is equivalent to the calculation based on one year of work; the economic compensation for a laborer who has worked for less than six months is equivalent to half of the above monthly wage. If a laborer earns a monthly wage that is more than 3 times the average monthly wage of the municipality or city within which the Employer is located, the economic compensation paid should be 3 times the average monthly wage, and the calculation for economic compensation should calculate the number of years worked to a maximum of 12 years. The “monthly wage” for compensation refers to the average monthly wage over the 12 months prior to the termination of the labor contract.
Article 48: If an Employer terminates a labor contract in violation of this Law and the laborer demands continued performance of such contract, the Employer shall continue performing under the contract. If the laborer does not demand continued performance of the labor contract or if performance of the labor contract has become impossible, the Employer shall pay damage compensation to the laborer according to Article 87 of this Law.
Article 49: The state will gradually adopt measures to establish and strengthen the system that enables the laborers’ social insurance relationships to transfer across regions.
Article 50: The Employer shall issue a certificate proving the termination of the labor contract at the time the labor contract is terminated and, within fifteen days, shall carry out the procedures for the transfer of the laborer’s file and social insurance. The laborer shall carry out the handover of his work as agreed by the parties. If the Employer is required to pay economic compensation, it shall pay the same to the laborer upon completion of the procedures for the handover of the work. The Employer shall keep terminated labor contracts on file for no less than two years.
Chapter V Special Provisions
Section 1 Collective Contracts
Article 51: After bargaining on an equal basis, enterprise employees, acting as one party, and the Employer will enter into a collective contract on labor remuneration, working hours, rest, leave, work safety and hygiene, insurance, benefits, and other matters of interest. The draft of the collective contract shall be presented to the employee representative congress or all the employees for discussion and approval. A collective contract shall be executed by the labor union, on behalf of the enterprise’s employees, and the Employer. If the Employer has not yet established a labor union, it shall execute the collective contract with a representative put forward by the laborers.
Article 52: Enterprise employees, as one party, and their Employer may enter into specialized collective contracts addressing labor safety and hygiene, the protection of the rights and interests of female workers, the wage adjustment mechanism, etc.
Article 53: Industry-wide collective contracts may be concluded between the labor union on the one hand and representatives of the enterprises on the other hand in industries such as construction, mining, catering services, etc. within areas below the county level.
Article 54: After a collective contract has been established, it shall be submitted to the Labor Administration Department. The collective contract shall become effective fifteen days from the date of receipt thereof by the Labor Administration Department, unless said authority raises any objections to the contract. A collective contract that has been established in accordance with the law shall be binding on the Employer and the laborers. Industry-wide or regional collective contracts will have binding effect on local Employers and laborers throughout the industry or region.
Article 55: The standards for working conditions, rates for labor remuneration, and other matters stipulated in a collective contract may not be lower than the minimum standards and rates prescribed by the local people’s government. The standards for working conditions, rates for labor remuneration, and other matters stipulated in the labor contract between an Employer and laborer may not be lower than those stipulated in the collective contract.
Article 56: If an Employer’s breach of the collective contract infringes upon the labor rights and interests of the employees, the labor union may, in accordance with the law, demand that the Employer assume liability. If a dispute arising from the performance of the collective contract is not resolved following consultations, the labor union may apply for arbitration or file litigation under the law.
Section 2 Labor Dispatching Contracts
Article 57: Dispatching companies shall be established in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Company Law and shall have registered capital of no less than RMB 500,000.
Article 58: Dispatching companies are Employers as mentioned in this Law and shall fulfill an Employer’s obligations toward its laborers. The labor contract between a dispatching company and a laborer to be dispatched shall, in addition to those specified in Article 17 hereof, specify, inter alia, matters such as the labor using party to which the laborer will be dispatched, the term of his dispatching, and his position.
The labor contracts between dispatching companies and the laborers to be dispatched shall be fixed term labor contracts with a term of no less than two years. Dispatching companies shall pay labor remuneration on a monthly basis. The labor remuneration paid by dispatching companies for periods during which there is no work may not be lower than the local minimum wage rate announced by the people’s government where the dispatching company is located.
Article 59: When dispatching laborers, dispatching companies shall enter into dispatching agreements with the labor using party to which the laborer is dispatched. The dispatching agreements shall specify the job positions for which laborers are dispatched, the number of persons dispatched, the terms of dispatching, the amounts and methods of payments for labor remuneration and social insurance premiums, and the liability for breach of the agreement. A labor using party to which a laborer is dispatched shall decide with the dispatching company on the term of labor dispatching based on the actual requirements of the job position, and it may not enter into several short-term labor dispatching agreements to cover a continuous term of labor use.
Article 60: Dispatching companies have an obligation to inform the dispatched laborers of the relevant content of the dispatching agreement. Dispatching companies may not appropriate portions of the labor remuneration that a labor using party pays to the laborer in accordance with the labor dispatching agreement. Dispatching companies and the labor using party to which laborers are dispatched may not charge fees to dispatched laborers.
Article 61: If a dispatching company dispatches a laborer to labor using party in another region, the laborer’s working conditions and labor remuneration shall be in accordance with the standards and rates of the region where said labor using party is located.
Article 62: Labor using parties to which laborers are dispatched shall perform the following obligations:
(1) implement state labor standards and provide corresponding working conditions and labor protections;
(2) inform dispatched laborers of the job requirements and labor remuneration;
(3) pay overtime pay and performance bonuses, and provide benefits appropriate for the job positions;
(4) provide the dispatched laborers with the training necessary for their job positions; and
(5) in cases of continuous labor dispatching, implement a normal wage adjustment mechanism.
Labor using parties to which laborers are dispatched may not dispatch the laborers to other labor using parties.
Article 63: Dispatched laborers shall have the right to receive equal pay for equal work as other laborers in the labor using party. If labor using the party to which a laborer has been dispatched has no other laborer in the same position, the labor remuneration shall be determined with reference to the labor remuneration of laborers in similar positions.
Article 64: Dispatched laborers have the right to lawfully join the labor union of their dispatching company or the labor using party to which they have been dispatched, or to organize such unions, so as to protect their own legal rights and interests.
Article 65: Dispatched laborers may terminate their labor contracts with their dispatching companies according to Article 36 and Article 38 hereof. If any of the circumstances provided for in Article 39 or Item 1 or 2 of Article 40 hereof apply to a dispatched laborer, the labor using party to which he is dispatched may return him to the dispatching company, which may terminate its labor contract with the dispatched worker in accordance with the relevant provisions hereof.
Article 66: The labor dispatching of laborers shall generally be practiced for temporary, auxiliary or substitute job positions.
Article 67: Labor using parties may not establish their own dispatching companies or dispatch workers to themselves or their subordinate parties.
Section 3 Non-Full Time Labor Use
Article 68: The term “non-full-time labor use” means a form of labor for which the compensation is chiefly calculated by the hour, and where the laborer generally averages no more than four hours of work per day and no more than an aggregate twenty-four hours of work per week for the same Employer.
Article 69: Agreements for non-full-time labor may be concluded orally. A laborer who engages in non-full-time labor may enter into a labor contract with one or more Employers, but a subsequently executed labor contract may not prejudice or harm the rights and obligations of the laborer under a previously executed labor contract.
Article 70: No probation period may be stipulated for non-full time labor.
Article 71: Either party may terminate the use of non-full time labor by notice to the other party at any time. No economic compensation shall be payable upon termination of the employment.
Article 72: The standard of hourly remuneration for non-full time laborers may not be lower than the minimum per hour remuneration standard set by the people’s government where the Employer is located. The labor remuneration settlement cycle for non-full time labor may not exceed 15 days.
Chapter VI Supervision and Inspection
Article 73: The State Council’s Labor Administration Department shall be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the labor contract system. The Labor Administration authorities of local people’s governments at the county level and above shall be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the labor contract system in their respective jurisdictions. In the course of overseeing the implementation of the labor contract system, the Labor Administration authorities of people’s governments at the county level and above shall consider the opinions of the labor unions, enterprise representatives and the authorities in charge of the industries concerned.
Article 74: The Labor Administration authorities of local people’s governments at the county level and above shall conduct supervision and inspections of the implementation of the following aspects of the labor contract system, in accordance with the law:
(1) Employers’ formulation of labor rules and regulations that concern the direct interests of the laborers;
(2) the signing and termination of labor contracts by Employers and laborers;
(3) compliance with relevant regulations on labor dispatching by dispatching companies and Employers to which laborers are dispatched;
(4) Employers’ compliance with regulations on working hours, rest and leave;
(5) Employers’ payment of labor remuneration as specified in the labor contract and compliance with minimum wage rates;
(6) Employers’ enrollment in the various types of social insurance and payment of social insurance premiums; and
(7) labor matters requiring supervision and inspections, as specified in laws and administrative regulations.
Article 75: The Labor Administration Department of a local people’s government at the county level or above conducting supervision and inspection has the authority to review an Employers’ materials relating to labor contracts and collective contracts, and to conduct an on-the-spot inspection of the work premises. Both the Employer and the laborers shall truthfully provide relevant information and materials. When staff members of a Labor Administration Department conduct supervision and inspection, they shall show their official identification and shall enforce the law in a legal and well-disciplined manner.
Article 76: Responsible authorities including, inter alia, construction authorities, health authorities, and production safety regulators of people’s governments at the county level and above shall, to the extent of their respective purviews, oversee the implementation of the labor contract system by Employers.
Article 77: Once a laborer’s legal rights and interests have been infringed upon, the laborer has the right to demand that a relevant department handle the affair, apply for arbitration, or file litigation.
Article 78: Labor unions shall safeguard the lawful rights and interests of laborers in accordance with the law and monitor the performance of labor contracts and collective contracts by Employers. If an Employer violates labor laws or statutes or breaches a labor contract or collective contract, the labor union has the right to voice its opinion or require that the matter be reviewed. If a laborer applies for arbitration or institutes an action, the labor union shall provide support and assistance in accordance with the law.
Article 79: All organizations and individuals are entitled to report violations of this Law. The Labor Administration authorities of people’s governments at the county level and above shall verify and handle the violations reported in a timely manner and reward those persons whose reports have merit.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 80: If a labor rule or regulation formulated by an Employer that directly relates to the interests of laborers violates laws or administrative regulations, such rule or regulation shall be invalid and the labor administrative department shall issue a warning and order rectification. If the rule or regulation caused a laborer to suffer harm, the Employer will be liable for damages.
Article 81: If the text of a labor contract provided by an Employer lacks any of the mandatory clauses under this Law, or if the Employer fails to provide the laborer the written text of the labor contract, the Labor Administration Department shall order rectification. If the laborer suffered harm as a consequence of such an omission, the Employer will be liable for damages.
Article 82: If an Employer fails to reach a written labor contract with a laborer more than one month but less than one year after carrying out the employment procedures, it shall pay the laborer twice the amount of due remuneration for his labor. If an Employer fails to reach a non-fixed term labor contract with the laborer in violation of this Law, it shall pay the laborer twice the amount of the original labor remuneration from the date when the non-fixed labor contract should have been signed.
Article 83: If the probation period stipulated by an Employer with a laborer violates this Law, the Labor Administration Department shall order the Employer to rectify the matter in accordance with this Law. If the illegally stipulated probation period has been performed, the Employer shall pay damage compensation to the laborer based on the laborer’s monthly post-probation period wage rate and the length of the illegally stipulated probation period.
Article 84: If the Employer retains a laborer’s identification card or other personal documents in violation of this law, the Labor Administration authorities shall order the Employer to return the documents to the laborer and may impose a penalty on the Employer according to the relevant laws. If an Employer violates this Law by requiring laborers to provide guarantees or collateral, demanding property from laborers or retaining their identification cards or other papers, the Labor Administration Department shall order the same returned to the laborers within a specified period of time and impose a fine on the Employer of no less than RMB500 and no more than RMB2,000 for each laborer. If the laborers suffered harm as a result of the Employer’s conduct, the Employer will be liable for damages. If an Employer retains a laborer’s file or other article after he has terminated his labor contract in accordance with the law, a penalty shall be imposed in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
Article 85: If an Employer:
(1) fails to pay a laborer labor remuneration as stipulated in the labor contract or provided for in this Law;
(2) pays labor remuneration below the local minimum wage rate;
(3) arranges overtime work without paying overtime pay; or
(4) terminates a labor contract without paying the laborer economic compensation according to this Law,
the Labor Administration Department shall order it to pay the labor remuneration, overtime pay or economic compensation within a specified period of time. If the labor remuneration is lower than the local minimum wage rate, the Employer shall pay the difference. If payment is not made within the determined time period, the Employer shall be ordered to pay additional damages to the laborer amounting to no less than 50 percent and no more than 100 percent of the sum owed.
Article 86: If a signed labor contract is confirmed to be invalid according to Article 26 of this law and any loss has been incurred, the party at fault shall assume financial responsibility.
Article 87: If an Employer terminates the labor contract in violation of this Law, it shall pay damage compensation to the laborer at twice the rate of the economic compensation provided for in Article 47 hereof.
Article 88: If an Employer:
(1) uses violence, intimidation or unlawful restriction of personal freedom to compel a laborer to work;
(2) instructs or peremptorily orders a laborer to perform dangerous operations which threaten his personal safety in violation of rules and regulations;
(3) insults, corporally punishes, beats, illegally searches or detains a laborer; or
(4) causes serious physical or mental injury to laborers due to poor quality working conditions or a seriously polluted working environment,
administrative punishment shall be imposed. If such conduct constitutes a criminal offense, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law. If the laborer suffers harm as a result of said conduct, the Employer will be liable for damages.
Article 89: If an Employer fails to issue to a laborer a certificate evidencing the termination of his labor contract as required in this Law, the Labor Administration Department shall order rectification. If the laborer suffers harm as the result of such failure, the Employer will be liable for damages.
Article 90: If a laborer terminates his labor contract in violation of this Law or breaches the confidentiality or non-competition obligations stipulated in his labor contract, and if such violation or breach causes his Employer to suffer a loss, the laborer will be liable for damages.
Article 91: If an Employer hires a laborer whose labor contract with another Employer has not yet been terminated, causing the original Employer to suffer a loss, it shall bear joint and several liabilities for the loss.
Article 92: If a labor dispatching company violates this Law, the Labor Administration Department shall order it to rectify the situation within a specified period of time. If the circumstances are serious, it shall impose a fine of no less than RMB1,000 and no more than RMB5,000 for each laborer, and the Administration Department for Industry and Commerce shall revoke their business license. If the rights and interests of the dispatched laborer(s) are harmed, the labor dispatching company shall bear joint and several liabilities together with the labor using party.
Article 93: If an illegal act of an Employer without a business license constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be imposed under law. If the laborers have already performed labor, the Employer or its financial sponsor shall pay them labor remuneration, economic compensation and damage compensation. If any loss was caused to the laborer, the Employer shall bear damage compensation liability.
Article 94: If an individual contractor recruits laborers in violation of this law and causes loss to the laborers, the individual contractor and any organization contracting with the violator shall bear joint and several liabilities for any resulting economic damages.
Article 95: If the Labor Administration Department or other related departments and personnel fail to fulfill their legal responsibilities or exercise their power in violation of the law, thereby infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of an Employer or laborer, they will be liable for damages. The leading official directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be subjected to administrative penalties in accordance with the law. If a criminal offense is committed, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provision
Article 96: Where the laws, administrative regulations or State Council have formulated separate, special regulations concerning employment agreements practiced by public institutions, such regulations shall prevail. Otherwise, relative regulations in this Law shall be followed.
Article 97: A labor contract established before the implementation of this law and continuing on the day this law is put into effect shall continue to be performed. The number of times a fixed-term labor contract is consecutively concluded as mentioned in Article 14, Paragraph 2, Item 3 is calculated from the date of the first labor contract renewal after the implementation of this law. For those labor relations established before the implementation of this law without written labor contracts, the parties involved shall sign a written labor contract within one month of the implementation of this law. If the labor contract continuing on the date when this law is put into effect is terminated after the implementation of this law and if economic compensation should be paid according to Article 46 hereof, the number of working years on which the economic compensation calculation is based should be counted from the date when this law is implemented. If, according to the regulations, the Employer is obligated to pay economic compensation to laborers before the implementation of this law, the regulation at that time shall prevail.
Article 98: This Law shall come into force on January 1, 2008.
